喀斯特废弃矿区近自然地形重塑模拟

doi:10.11799/ce202207025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地形重塑是废弃矿区生态修复中土地复垦与生态重建的基础性和关键性工程，重塑后地形的稳定性、协调性对土壤重构和植被重建具有重要影响。选择正在进行浅表层废弃煤炭资源开发利用和土地复垦与生态修复试点的金沙县金凤煤矿废弃地为研究对象，综合考虑喀斯特地貌的特殊性和脆弱性，以邻近处于侵蚀平衡状态的流域作为参考，利用3S技术和GeoFluv模型，重塑与参考流域类似的具有长期的抗侵蚀稳定性、在生态和视觉上融入周围的地形，并对其地形特征、挖填方平衡等进行评价。结果表明，重塑地形所在流域与参考流域形状特征、河道几何特征比较类似，流域结构特征差异较大，差异性主要体现在最大高差和平均坡度降低上，这种差异有助于增强重塑地形的稳定性|重塑地形所需总挖方量和填方量差异较小，总挖方量比总填方量多33806.32m，避免庞大的填方有利于重塑后地基稳定和降低成本。

关键词: 岩溶地貌, 矿山修复, 地貌重塑, GeoFluv, 金凤煤矿

Abstract: Topographic reconstruction is the foundation and the key of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction in the ecological restoration of abandoned mines. The stability and coordination of the topographic reconstruction has an important effect on soil reconstruction and vegetation reconstruction. The abandoned Coal Mine of JinFeng in Jinsha County which is the experimental pilot of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction, the coal resource is exploitation and utilization, is taken as a study case. In this study, the particularity and fragility of karst landforms has been taken into consideration, we take an adjacent watershed with balanced erosion as a reference. Using 3S(GIS、GPS、RS) technology and GeoFluv model, the first step is topographic reconstruction which is similar to the reference watershed with the long-term stability erosion and is integrated with the surrounding landscape visually and ecologically. The second step is to evaluate the feature of the topographic reconstruction and to analyze the balance between excavation and filling. The results showed that the reconstructed topography is similar to the reference watershed in terms of shape characteristics and channel geometry. There are differences in terms of basin structure characteristics. The main differences are the maximum height difference and the average slope reduction. It's good for restoring the stability of the topographic reconstruction. On the other hand, the volume of the cuts is just 33806.32m3 more than the volume of the fills, it is beneficial to the stability of the foundation after topographic reconstruction and to reduce the cost.

中图分类号:

TD88

刘贤, 李月臣, 陈群利, 邱盈, 张鹏飞, 游萍. 喀斯特废弃矿区近自然地形重塑模拟[J]. 煤炭工程, 2022, 54(7): 140-146.

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