Understanding and measuring miners' safety accountability pressure can provide direction for the establishment of an accountability system in coal mines. In this study, miners were used as the research object, and the scale development procedure was followed to define the connotation and dimensions of miners' safety accountability pressure and develop and validate the measurement scale based on relevant literature and miners' interview results. The research results show that miners' safety accountability pressure comes from five aspects, which are economic pressure, psychological pressure, environmental pressure, work pressure and interpersonal pressure, among which economic pressure is the main source of miners' safety accountability pressure. This study provides a measurement tool for miners' safety accountability stress and lays the foundation for further exploration of the construct.