In order to improve the performance and life of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve, the design and research of the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure reducing valve were carried out by comparing the design parameters and optimizing the structure of the valve core and valve body. First, the vibration frequency of the electrical signal is selected based on the pressure amplitude of the valve, and the fitting clearance of the valve core and valve body is selected based on the leakage amount of the valve at each position. Then, according to the state of the valve's maximum current and maximum pressure, the performance of the valve is visually analyzed, and it is found that the hydraulic oil has the highest flow rate at the valve port, and the negative pressure at the valve core shoulder is easy to cause cavitation, and the turbulent kinetic energy is also the largest. According to the analysis results, the structure of the pressure reducing valve is optimized. Finally, a test system is designed to test the proportional valve. The research and inspection results show that when the current frequency is 100 Hz and the matching gap between the valve core and the valve body is 5~6 μm, the proportional pressure reducing valve has good step characteristics and current-pressure characteristics; Increasing the bevel and rounding at the shoulder of the valve core and increasing the annular groove at the valve port of the valve body can effectively inhibit the generation of cavitation, reduce the probability of the valve core being clamped, reduce the loss of energy, and improve the performance of the valve.