煤炭工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 122-130.doi: 10.11799/ce202402018

• 研究探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

煤矿坚硬顶板灾害水力压裂防治技术监测及评估

石垚,雷瀚,杨新路,等   

  1. 1. 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司巷道研究分院
    2. 东北大学
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-03 修回日期:2023-10-29 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-02-29
  • 通讯作者: 徐世达 E-mail:xushida@mail.neu.edu.cn

Monitoring and evaluation of hydraulic fracturing prevention and control technology for hard roof disaster in coal mine

  • Received:2023-09-03 Revised:2023-10-29 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-02-29

摘要: 水力压裂技术具备安全性好、施工工艺简单的优点, 被广泛应用于煤层坚硬顶板灾害治理。但由于岩体的不均质性, 压裂孔周围裂隙网络扩展规律复杂, 水力压裂裂纹监测精度低, 压裂效果评估难度大。针对上述问题, 通过对比分析常见水力压裂监测方法及监测方案的差异, 揭示微震监测技术的优越性, 并对水力压裂效果评估技术进行了讨论。研究表明, 微震监测技术具有监测范围广、灵敏度高、连续性好的优点; 地面监测、井下监测、联合监测等微震监测方法适用工况不同, 监测精度相差较大, 应根据现场工程布置与实际岩层条件选取合适的监测方法。坚硬顶板水力压裂效果评估多采用裂缝发育长度、来压步距等间接指标, 基于微震参变量直接指标的效果评估相对较少。在此基础上, 提出了水力压裂效果评估精细化的发展建议。研究成果对开展坚硬顶板水力压裂现场监测、优化坚硬顶板水力压裂工程设计具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 坚硬顶板, 水力压裂, 裂纹, 微震监测

Abstract: The disaster of hard roof perplexes more than half of the coal seam mining in our country. In view of the difficulty of disaster prevention and control of hard roof in coal seam mining, many scholars have carried out extensive research on roof hydraulic fracturing monitoring and evaluation technology, but there is a lack of in-depth summary of its research and application status. Based on this, this paper combs the common hard roof hydraulic fracturing monitoring methods, the application of microseismic monitoring in hydraulic fracturing hard roof, and discusses the hydraulic fracturing effect evaluation technology. The research shows that microseismic monitoring technology is widely used in the research of hydraulic fracturing weakening technology of hard roof because of its advantages of non-destructive testing and spatial three-dimensional monitoring. the system layout mainly includes surface monitoring, downhole monitoring and joint monitoring. On this basis, the evaluation technology of hydraulic fracturing effect of hard roof is discussed, and some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the research on the influence of joint occurrence, develop transparent monitoring technology and establish fine evaluation technology. The research results have important guiding significance for optimizing hydraulic fracturing engineering design of hard roof and improving the control effect of hydraulic fracturing of hard roof.

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