The safe operation of the auxiliary shaft hoisting system is crucial for coal mine production. However, traditional monitoring methods suffer from limitations such as strong subjectivity and limited monitoring coverage. Under this under this circumstances, we explored the application of distributed optical fiber sense technology in the auxiliary shaft hoisting system, analyzed the principle of Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering in optical fiber, and introduced the application of Rayleigh scattering in sound vibration monitoring. The distributed optical fiber sensor (DAS) based on coherent Rayleigh scattering was used to detect and locate the vibration signal. By constructing a dual verification system of simulation experiment platform and mine measured scene, it was proved that the system can capture the vibration and sound waves caused by regular abnormal states. The technology can effectively monitor the running state of the cage. The phase shift generated by the vibration is positively correlated with the speed and load, and the system reliability is high, which provides a new scheme for the safety monitoring for auxiliary shaft hoisting systems.