基于知识图谱的煤矿水害预警与应急处置智能决策系统研究

doi:10.11799/ce202602013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水害事故是煤矿安全生产中的主要灾害类型之一，当前煤矿水害防治虽积累了一定的知识与技术，但在数据深度挖掘、经验系统化应用及智能决策支撑方面仍存在不足。为保障煤矿安全生产，提升煤矿水害事故预防、治理及救援的信息化与智能化水平，本文系统梳理了基于知识图谱的煤矿水害智能预警技术架构与决策支持系统体系。煤矿水害知识图谱的构建主要包括基于BiLSTM-CRF模型的本体与关系抽取、图数据库搭建两大核心环节；在图数据库基础上，设计了基于朴素贝叶斯问句分类、问句解析及图数据库查询的智能问答系统，实现了煤矿水害事故案例的实时高效检索。同时，构建了包含物理层、传输层、数据处理层与应用层的煤矿水害智能预警平台框架，深入分析了知识图谱与文本库、模型库及现场监测数据的融合方法，形成了涵盖数据获取与分析、决策支持方案生成、应急处置方案实时生成的完整决策支持体系。研究成果可为进一步提升煤矿水害预防、治理与应急救援的信息化、智能化水平提供理论参考与借鉴。

关键词: 煤矿水害, 图数据库, 机器学习, 问答系统, 监测预警, 智能决策, 应急处置

中图分类号:

TD745

翁明月, 徐　华, 尹慧敏, 付恩三, 高文忠, 叶　兰, 单　耀.

基于知识图谱的煤矿水害预警与应急处置智能决策系统研究 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(2): 101-109.

参考文献

[1]武强.我国矿井水防控与资源化利用的研究进展、问题和展望[J].煤炭学报，2014，39(5):795?805. WU Qiang. Progress, problems and prospects of prevention and control technology of mine water and reutilization in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2014，39(5):795?805.
[2]武强，张波，赵文德，等.煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法V:基于GIS的ANN型、证据权型、Logistic回归型脆弱性指数法的比较[J].煤炭学报，2013，38(1):21?26.
WU Qiang，ZHANG Bo，ZHAO Wende，et al. Water-richness evaluation method of water-filled aquifer based on the principle of information fusion with GIS: Water-richness index method[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2013，38(1): 21?26.
[3]王经明，董书宁，刘其声.煤矿突水灾害的预警原理及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探，2005，33(S1):1?4.
WANG Jingming，DONG Shuning，LIU Qisheng. The principal of early warning for ground water hazards in coal mine and its application[J].Coal Geology & Exploration，2005，33(S1): 1?4.
[4]许进鹏，周宇，蒲早红，等.离层积水量估算方法及离层突水预测:以陕西招贤煤矿1304工作面突水为例[J].煤炭学报，2022，47(8):3083?3090.
XU Jinpeng，ZHOU Yu，PU Zaohong，et al. Calculation method of separated water accumulation in the process of separated water inrush and its forecast: taking the water inrush at 1304 working face of Zhaoxian Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province as an example[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2022，47(8): 3083?3090.
[5]原富珍，马克，庄端阳，等.基于微震监测的董家河煤矿底板突水通道孕育机制[J].煤炭学报，2019，44(6):1846?1856.
YUAN Fuzhen，MA Ke，ZHUANG Duanyang，et al. Preparation mechanism of water inrush channels in bottom floor of Dongjiahe Coal Mine based on microseismic monitoring[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(6): 1846?1856.
[6]姜福兴，叶根喜，王存文，等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(9):1932?1938.
JIANG Fuxing，YE Genxi，WANG Cunwen，et al. Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(9): 1932?1938.
[7]许延春，黄磊.基于微震监测的工作面底板突水全时空预警方法[J].煤炭科学技术，2023，51(1):369?382.
XU Yanchun，HUANG Lei. Full-time and spaceearly-warning method for floor water inrush in working face based on microseis-micmonitoring[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2023，51(1): 369?382.
[8]白继文，李术才，刘人太，等.深部岩体断层滞后突水多场信息监测预警研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(11):2327?2335.
BAI Jiwen，LI Shucai，LIU Rentai，et al. Multi-field information monitoring and warning of delayed water bursting in deep rock fault[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(11): 2327?2335.
[9]尹尚先,王经明,梁育龙,等.矿井突水灾害监测预警系统及其控制方法[P].中国:ZL200910119379.7, 2009-09-09.
[10]连会青，徐斌，田振焘，等.矿井水情监测与水害风险预警平台设计与实现[J].煤田地质与勘探，2021，49(1):198?207.
LIAN Huiqing，XU Bin，TIAN Zhentao，et al. Design and implementation of mine water hazard monitoring and early warning platform[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2021，49(1): 198?207.
[11]王斌.浅埋煤层顶板水灾害预警系统研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2017.
WANG Bin. Study on early warning system of roof water disaster in shallow seam[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[12]靳德武，乔伟，李鹏，等.煤矿防治水智能化技术与装备研究现状及展望[J].煤炭科学技术，2019，47(3):10?17.
JIN Dewu，QIAO Wei，LI Peng，et al. Research status and prospects on intelligent technology and equipment for mine water hazard prevention and control[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2019，47(3): 10?17.
[13]靳德武，赵春虎，段建华，等.煤层底板水害三维监测与智能预警系统研究[J].煤炭学报，2020，45(6):2256?2264.
JIN Dewu，ZHAO Chunhu，DUAN Jianhua，et al. Research on 3D monitoring and intelligent early warning system for water hazard of coal seam floor[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(6): 2256?2264.
[14]乔伟，靳德武，王皓，等.基于云服务的煤矿水害监测大数据智能预警平台构建[J].煤炭学报，2020，45(7):2619?2627.
QIAO Wei，JIN Dewu，WANG Hao，et al. Development of big data intelligent early warning platform for coal mine water hazard monitoring based on cloud service[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(7): 2619?2627.
[15]陶坤旺，赵阳阳，朱鹏，朱月月，刘帅，赵习枝. 面向一体化综合减灾的知识图谱构建方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2020, 45(8): 1296-1302.
TAO Kunwang, ZHAO Yangyang, ZHU Peng, ZHU Yueyue, LIU Shuai, ZHAO Xizhi. Knowledge Graph Construction for Integrated Disaster Reduction[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(8): 1296-1302.
[16]马斌, 丁文杰. 基于知识图谱的水库防洪应急决策关键技术研究[J]. 浙江水利水电学院学报, 2023, 35(5): 43-48.
MA Bin, DING Wenjie. On Key Technologies of Reservoir Flood Emergency Decision-making Based on Knowledge Graph[J]. J.of Zhejiang Univ.of Wat.Res.& Electric Pow. 2023, 35(5): 43-48.
[17]连耿雄. 基于改进 Bi?LSTM?CRF 的网络安全领域知识图谱构建[J]. 信息技术, 2022, 12: 130-135, 142.
LIAN Geng?xiong. Research on the construction of network security domain knowledge mapping based on improved Bi? LSTM?CRF[J]. Information Technology, 2022, 12: 130-135, 142.
[18]杜志强, 李钰, 张叶廷, 谭玉琪, 赵文豪. 自然灾害应急知识图谱构建方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2020, 45(9): 1344-1355.
DU Zhiqiang, LI Yu, ZHANG Yeting, TAN Yuqi, ZHAO Wenhao. Knowledge Graph Construction Method on Natural Disaster Emergency[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(9): 1344-1355.
[19]黄瑛, 黄淑兵, 赵磊. 道路交通安全违法分析领域知识图谱构建方法[J]. 中国人民公安大学学报( 自然科学版), 2022, 1: 52-59.
HUANG Ying, HUANG Shubing, ZHAO Lei. Construction Method of Knowledge Graph in the Field of Road Traffic Safety Violation Analysis[J]. Journal of People's Public Security University of China ( Science and Technology), 2022, 1: 52-59.
[20]卫婧, 向君, 朱广劼, 司群, 付晓丹. 铁路网络安全领域知识图谱构建及应用的研究[J]. 铁路计算机应用, 2022, 31(11): 55-60.
WEI Jing, XIANG Jun, ZHU Guangjie, SI Qun, FU Xiaodan. Construction and application of knowledge map in field of railway network security[J]. Railway Computer Application, 2022, 31(11): 55-60.
[21]厉彦柏, 赵国静, 旷文敏, 孙俭, 王东坡. 基于知识图谱的危化品安全生产事故应急决策[J]. 化工管理, 2022, 4: 108-114.
LI Yan-bai, ZHAO Guo-jing, KUANG Wen-min, SUN Jian, WANG Dong-po. Emergency Decision Making in the Hazardous Chemical Accident based on Knowledge Graph[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2022, 4: 108-114.
[22]刘鹏, 叶帅, 舒雅, 鹿晓龙, 刘明明. 煤矿安全知识图谱构建及智能查询方法研究[J]. 中文信息学报, 2020, 34(11): 49-59.
LIU Peng, YE Shuai, SHU Ya LU Xiaolong, LIU Mingming. Coalmine Safety:Knowledge Graph Construction and Its QA Approach[J]. Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 2020, 34(11): 49-59.
[23]周义棋，刘畅，等. 电网应急预案知识图谱构建方法与应用[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术，2023,19(1):5-13. ZHOU Yiqi, LIU Chang, et al. Construction method and application of knowledge graph in emergency plans for power grid [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2023,19(1):5-13.
[24]刘永立, 王海涛. 基于知识图谱的火灾及耦合灾害应急处置管理[J]. 煤矿安全, 2022,53(9): 144-150.
LIU Yongli1, WANG Haitao. Fire and coupling disaster emergency management based on mapping knowledge domain [J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2022,53(9): 144-150.
[25]许晶航, 闫碧莹, 陈峰, 曹娅琪. 基于领域知识图谱的应急处置预案动态融合[J]. 计算机系统应用, 2021, 30(8): 1-13.
XU Jing-Hang, YAN Bi-Ying, CHEN Feng, et al. Dynamic Fusion of Emergency Response Plan Based on Domain Knowledge Graph [J]. Computer Systems & Applications, 2021, 30(8): 1-13.
[26]王鑫，吴际，刘超，等.基于LSTM循环神经网络的故障时间序列预测[J].北京航空航天大学学报，2018，44(4):772?784.
WANG Xin，WU Ji，LIU Chao，et al. Exploring LSTM based recurrent neural network for failure time series prediction[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2018，44(4):772?784.
[27]王增平，赵兵，纪维佳，等.基于GRU-NN模型的短期负荷预测方法[J].电力系统自动化，2019，43(5):53?58.
WANG Zengping，ZHAO Bing，JI Weijia，et al. Short-term load forecasting method based on GRU-NNmodel[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems，2019，43(5): 53?58.