To meet the demands of underground production, material shafts, and chambers have become crucial sites for mine material supply. The material shaft and conveying process significantly influence gas migration in underground chambers, particularly in high-gas mines. To investigate the impact of material shaft construction and conveying operations on the airflow-methane distribution characteristics within the chamber, this study established a coupled airflow-methane diffusion physical model by incorporating a methane component via the species transport model. The effects of material transport on the airflow-methane distribution in the material chamber and shaft were examined. The findings demonstrate that prior to shaft construction, localized methane accumulation occurred in the chamber due to insufficient airflow. After shaft construction, airflow enters the chamber along the shaft under pressure differentials, forming vortices that reduce overall methane concentrations. However, methane accumulation (exceeding 0.09% by volume) persists in the chamber's upper corner. As the methane content in the system airflow increases, the dispersing effect of pressure differentials diminishes. Compared to pressure-driven dispersal, increasing system airflow velocity more effectively reduces methane concentrations in the upper corner, with enhanced effectiveness at higher velocities. Additionally, forced ventilation using auxiliary fans leverages the Coanda effect to deliberately increase airflow in the upper corner, optimizing internal air distribution and dispersing accumulated methane. These findings provide valuable insights for ventilation design in material shafts and chambers.