Abstract: In order to study the overall destabilisation mechanism of coal columns generated by the intersection of deep shafts, the coal columns generated by the cutting of the intersection roadway of Shandong Xinhe Coal Mine-980 level are taken as the engineering background, and the stress evolution characteristics of coal columns under the control of the synergistic deformation of coal columns-roof plate are studied in depth by means of on-site monitoring and theoretical research, and a mechanical estimation model under the synergistic deformation of coal columns-roof plate is established. The mechanical estimation model under the coordinated deformation of ‘coal pillar-roof plate’ is established, and the preliminary mechanical criterion of coal pillar instability is obtained. The study shows that: 1) under the superposition of large mining depth, overburden subsidence and clamping, the coal pillar ruptures due to the long-term creep state, and its platform-type stress distribution can be regarded as the main feature of the coal pillar in critical stability; 2) under the action of high stress, the coal pillar in the deep shaft guarding lane produces creep deformation and the elastic core area corrodes continuously, and it is easy to induce the instability shock once the elastic core area of the pillar is eroded to the critical width; 3) the analysis of the influencing factors shows that the instability shock is easily triggered by the ‘coal pillar-roof plate’ cooperative deformation model. (3) The analysis of the influencing factors shows that the average stress of the coal pillar in the deep shaft protection channel is proportional to the axial load on the roof plate and the elastic modulus of the coal body, and inversely proportional to the width of the coal pillar. The research results have certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of deep coal pillar-type impact ground pressure.