Against the backdrop of the global energy transition, the intelligent development of coal mining exhibits diverse pathways. This study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing "geological constraints, technological pathways, and policy drivers" to conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of intelligent mining models in China and Australia. The results reveal that Australia, leveraging its resource endowment and market mechanisms, has developed an enterprise-led "natural evolution model" centered on efficiency. Conversely, China, under the dual constraints of complex geology and energy security strategy, has established a policy-driven "top-down design model" prioritizing safety. Resource endowment serves as the initial determinant of pathway selection, while policy and market mechanisms act as the key drivers shaping the model's final form. Together, they determine the path dependency and evolutionary trajectory of intelligent mining development. The research highlights significant complementarity between the two countries in areas such as complex geological mining, intelligent disaster prevention and control, and equipment standardization. It further proposes synergistic pathways, including collaborative technical standard development, scenario-based integration, and internationalization of research outcomes. The findings provide a dual-track complementary paradigm integrating "resource endowment adaptability" and "policy-driven effectiveness" for the global coal industry's intelligent transformation. This research holds both theoretical and practical significance for China's efforts in building a new energy system.