Abstract: In order to study the deformation and failure law of surrounding rock of gob side entry retaining at one side working face, especially the study on the reuse of gob side entry retaining, the deformation and failure law of surrounding rock at the three stages of excavation, entry retaining and reuse of single side double entry retaining at Working Face W2306 and W2307 of Gaohe Coal Mine are studied by using the research method of combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering measurement. The research results show that the surrounding rock deformation and stress change basically take the roof center as the symmetrical structure in the tunneling stage; During the roadway retaining period, the roadway has the effect of leading bearing stress, the stability of the roadway retaining is the most damaged, and the plastic deformation of the surrounding rock is the largest; In the reuse stage, the balance of reserved roadway suffers secondary damage until a certain distance behind the working face gradually decreases and disappears.