Abstract: The existence of coal seam anomalies in coal mine tunneling has an important impact on the safe mining of coal resources, and carrying out the detection and identification of coal seam anomalies is essential for the treatment of coal seam anomalies. In this paper, to address this problem, a two-dimensional spatial magnetic field (TM) model of coal seam was established by using the finite-difference method in time domain (FDTD), through forward simulation and theoretical analysis, the propagation law of electromagnetic wave in coal seam is studied. The research results show that the forward simulation results of coal seam anomalies with different shapes and different filling media are all hyperbolic, there are obvious differences between the hyperbolas, and these differences can be used as the conditions for identifying the shape of coal seam anomalies and filling media; the burial depth and vertical distance of coal seam anomalies can be obtained by the two-way travel time of the hyperbolic vertex, but the vertical distance of the forward simulation map of the water-bearing anomalies of the laminated coal seam cannot be accurately obtained due to the presence of multiple spurious waves. The results of the study can provide a reference basis for the actual coal seam detection data and information extraction.