To address the issue that the goaf and residual coal pillars in the upper seam of contiguous coal seams severely restrict the layout and maintenance of the mining roadways in the lower coal seam, the No. 14103 working face of Zhengli Coal Mine was taken as the research object. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurements were employed to study the layout of mining roadways and surrounding rock control techniques on the 14103 working face. The results indicate that: ① The maximum floor damage depth in the No. 4-1 coal seam is 11. 46 m, which exceeds the maximum spacing between the No. 4-1 and No. 4 coal seams, which is 8. 75 m. The roof of the No. 4 coal seam is damaged and broken. ② The influence width of the concentrated stress on the No. 4 coal seam from the residual coal pillars in the No. 4-1 coal seam and the mining stress in the No. 4 coal seam is 13. 20 m. ③ The degree of stress concentration and the range of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock of the No. 4 coal seam decreases as it gets further from the coal pillar, and when the distance to the residual coal pillar is 15 m, the degree of stress concentration and the range of the plastic zone tend to stabilize. The filed practice showed that, mining roadways on the No. 14103 working face shows that, with the mining roadways arranged 15 m away from the edge of the goaf in the No. 4-1 coal seam and a combined support scheme of “anchor net cable+W steel belt+reinforced ladder beam”, the surrounding rock deformation of the roadways were controlled, ensuring the safe production of the No. 4 coal seam.