浅埋极近距离采空区下巷道布置及支护研究

doi:10.11799/ce202501008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对浅埋极近距离采空区下长距离巷道掘进支护难题，选取活鸡兔井1-2煤层复合区1-2下205回风巷的掘进为研究对象，采用数值计算、理论分析和工程实践相结合的方法，对极近距离条件下合理的层间距及支护参数的确定进行了分析。研究表明：基于FLAC3D数值模拟对采空区下长距离巷道布置及支护结构进行模拟计算，对比分析了不同煤柱宽度、层间距及支护方式下巷道围岩变形情况及应力分布状态，考虑到安全系数确定巷道内错距为21 m|当层间距较小时，锚杆锚索支护效果差，掘进期间顶板处于拉伸破坏状态，顶板控制难度大，分析得出合理的层间距应大于3 m；现有支护条件下，巷道顶煤厚度为3.5 m时巷道顶底板位移变化较小，且不需要架棚。理论计算得出上分层对底板最大破坏深度为2.02 m，且当巷道顶煤厚度为3.5 m时，支护强度校核满足要求。通过现场工程应用及围岩变形实测，当顶煤厚度为3.5 m时，采用“锚杆-锚索-喷浆”联合支护方式，巷道顶底板位移变化较小，顶板最大下沉量为20 mm，顶板控制效果良好，巷道未发生大范围顶板冒落或帮部片帮现象，验证了巷道布置及支护方案的合理性。

关键词: 极近距离, 浅埋煤层, 巷道布置, 支护工艺, 围岩控制

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of long-distance roadway tunneling under the extremely close goaf area, the excavation of 1-2 down 205 tailgate in 1-2 coal composite area of Huojitu Coal Mine as the background. Using the combination of numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and engineering practice, the reasonable interburden spacing and support parameter determination under extremely short distance conditions are analyzed. The research shows that: based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, the long-distance roadway layout and support structure under the goaf are simulated and calculated, compared and analyzed the roadway surrounding rock deformation and stress distribution under different coal pillar widths, interburden spacing and support methods. The reasonable roadway stagger distance should be greater than 17m. Considering the safety factor, the roadway stagger distance is determined to be 21m. When the layer spacing is small , the support effect of anchor bolts and cables is poor, the roof is in a state of tensile failure during the excavation, and the roof control is difficult, so a reasonable layer spacing should be greater than 3m. Under the existing support conditions, when the thickness of the top coal is 3.5m, the displacement of the roof and floor of the roadway changes little, and no scaffolding is required. The theoretical calculation shows that the maximum damage depth of the upper layer to the floor is 2.02m, and when the thickness of the coal beam is 3.5m, the support strength check meets the requirements. According to the field engineering application and the actual measurement of the surrounding rock deformation, when the thickness of the top coal is 3.5m, the joint support method of "bolt-bolt-cable-steel beam-shotcrete" is adopted, the displacement of the roof and floor of the roadway changes little, and the maximum sinking of the roof is 20mm, the roof control effect is good, there is no large-scale roof caving or side slab phenomenon in the roadway, which verifies the rationality of the roadway layout and support scheme.

白心愿, 高登彦, 陈建华. 浅埋极近距离采空区下巷道布置及支护研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2025, 57(1): 52-59.

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