半干旱矿区地表形变与土壤侵蚀关系研究

doi:10.11799/ce202511026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了掌握地表形变与土壤侵蚀之间的关系，科学评估矿区生态环境退化、指导水土保持工作、推动土地复垦精细化管理，以鄂尔多斯多矿型复合采动区为研究对象，利用差分干涉合成孔径雷达（D-InSAR）技术和修订的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）提取2018—2021年各季度的地表形变量和土壤侵蚀速率，分析其时空演化特征，并探讨地表形变是否会促进土壤侵蚀。结果表明：2018—2021年研究区内累计形变量呈上升趋势，形变区2和形变区3的形变最为剧烈，四年间累计最大形变量为1.04 m和1.06m；研究区土壤侵蚀速率呈现明显的季度性变化，第三季度是土壤侵蚀强度的高峰（26. 51 t/ （hm2·a）），也是矿区水土流失治理的关键时期；山地井工开采对土壤侵蚀的影响并非始终增强，在一定情况下沉陷反而可能起到抑制作用。露天采矿显著加剧土壤侵蚀，并在形变区内引发更强烈的侵蚀响应。研究结果可为矿区土壤侵蚀防治和生态修复提供科学依据。

关键词: 土壤侵蚀速率, 沉陷量, 矿区, 环境因子, RUSLE模型

Abstract:

Coal mining-induced subsidence causes surface deformation and soil erosion, yet their connection is not well-studied. To enhance the ecological restoration strategies in mining regions, it is essential to investigate how subsidence may influence soil erosion. This research focuses on the multi-ore composite mining region in Ordos, employing differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) technology alongside the revised universal loss equation (RUSLE) to assess surface subsidence and soil erosion rates quarterly from 2018 to 2021. It examines the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and quantitatively evaluates the changes in soil erosion within subsidence and non-subsidence areas. The findings indicate:(1) The cumulative subsidence in Ordos' s multi-ore composite mining area increased steadily from 2018 to 2021, with substantial variations in subsidence rates and seasonal trends across different subsidence areas. Specifically, subsidence areas 2 and 3 experienced the highest subsidence, reaching maximum cumulative amounts of 1.04 m and 1.06 m over four years, with a noticeable acceleration in subsidence rates during autumn. (2) The soil erosion rate in the region exhibited clear seasonal variations from 2018 to 2021. Erosion was minimal in summer and winter, characterized primarily by micro-erosion, with rates nearly zero in spring and peaking in autumn. Notably, the maximum soil erosion rate in the subsidence area occurred in 2021, at 26. 51?t?? hm2 ? a1, marking a critical phase for controlling soil and water loss in the mining zone. (3) Mountain mining does not consistently enhance soil erosion; in some instances, subsidence may inhibit erosion. Topographic features significantly influence soil erosion, particularly in mountainous regions, which are highly susceptible to erosion. Open-pit mining exacerbates soil erosion and provokes a more pronounced erosion response in subsiding areas. This study uncovers the relationship between surface deformation and soil erosion in Ordos' s multi-ore composite mining area. It investigates the potential effects of surface deformation on soil erosion, providing a scientific foundation for soil erosion management and ecological restoration in these mining regions.

中图分类号:

TD167

郝晓波, 朱仁静, 连海波, 刘志刚, 孙彦宁, 史玖美琳, 刘英, 岳辉. 半干旱矿区地表形变与土壤侵蚀关系研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2025, 57(11): 209-217.

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