煤炭工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 68-75.doi: 10.11799/ce202601009

• 施工技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

浅埋强风化条件下综采工作面破碎顶板改性控制技术研究

刘国庆,梁 明,武 岗,胡浩东,王 强,乔一洋,梁 顺   

  1. 1. 陕西能源冯家塔矿业运营有限责任公司,陕西 榆林 719000

    2. 中国矿业大学 矿业工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116

  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-01-12 发布日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 梁明 E-mail:tb25020050a41@cumt.edu.cn

Study on Modification and Control Techniques for Fractured Roofs in Fully Mechanized Mining Faces under Shallow Burial and Intense Weathering Conditions

  • Received:2025-05-20 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2026-03-04
  • Contact: LIANG mingming E-mail:tb25020050a41@cumt.edu.cn

摘要:

针对浅埋强风化破碎顶板条件和沟谷地貌耦合作用下的顶板管理难题,以冯家塔煤矿3209 浅埋工作面过强风化区顶板管控为工程背景,采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析以及工业性试验方法,研究了3209工作面过浅埋风化区掘—采全周期围岩稳定性控制技术,评估了掘巷期间注浆锚索对顶板的补强支护效果,揭示了浅埋工作面在地表沟谷地形及顶板风化复合作用下的矿压显现机理。结果表明:在工作面回采期间运输巷顶板最大垂直应力达到2. 45MPa,顶板最大下沉量为248mm,塑性区最大发育范围约20m,顶板内裂隙以拉剪裂隙为主。冲沟地貌下工作面上方地表最大下沉量为1.76m,超前支承压力峰值为5.40MPa,应力集中系数达到1.8;工作面开采距离超过80m后,裂隙趋于稳定增长,并提出了工作面强风化、破碎顶板注浆“再造”的安全回采控制技术方案,现场实施效果表明:顶板注浆措施有效提升了围岩整体稳定性和抗变形能力,工作面回采期间仅局部出现了煤壁片帮、端面漏冒情况,工作面整体顺利推进,且未出现压架情况;有效解决了工作面过浅埋风化区掘—采全周期的围岩控制问题。

关键词: 浅埋强风化区, 沟谷地貌, 矿压显现, 注浆改性, 巷道支护

Abstract:

In working faces with shallow burial depth and thin bedrock where the roof is severely weathered and fractured, it remains a widespread technical challenge in mining engineering to effectively control roof stability during roadway excavation support and face retreat operations. Taking the 3209 shallow-buried working face in the severely weathered zone of the Fengjiata Coal Mine as the engineering background, this study employs field measurements, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and industrial-scale testing to investigate the full-cycle surrounding rock stability control problem during excavation and mining in the shallow weathered zone of the 3209 working face. The reinforcement effect of grouting anchor cables on the roof during roadway excavation is evaluated, and the mine pressure manifestation mechanism under the coupled influence of surface gully topography and roof weathering in shallow-buried working faces is revealed. The results show that during the working face retreat, the maximum vertical stress in the roof of the 3209 transportation roadway reaches 2.45 MPa, the maximum roof subsidence is approximately 248 mm, the maximum development range of the plastic zone is about 20 meters, and the fractures within the roof are predominantly tensile-shear fractures. Under the gully landform, the maximum surface subsidence above the working face reaches 1.76 meters, the peak value of the abutment pressure is 5.40 MPa, and the stress concentration factor reaches 1.8; after the working face advances more than 80 meters, the number of fractures tends to increase steadily. The study proposes a safe mining control technology scheme for the “reconstruction” of strongly weathered and fractured roof through grouting in the working face. Field implementation results indicate that the roof grouting measures effectively improved the overall stability and deformation resistance of the surrounding rock. During face retreat, only localized issues such as coal wall spalling and end-face spallation occurred, while the working face advanced smoothly overall, with no instances of support frame crushing. The grouting reconstruction technology for fractured roof effectively addressed the full-cycle surrounding rock control problem in the shallow-buried weathered zone of the working face, providing technical support and reference for the safe mining of shallow-buried coal resources under similar conditions in the mine.

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