In order to solve the problem of large deformation caused by multiple superimposed stress disturbances in facing excavation roadway, a systematic study was carried out on the four kinds of partition failure characteristics under the influence of mining in the test roadway by combining on-site testing and numerical simulation with the engineering background of the return roadway of the working face of Hongyi Coal Mine 1150403. The study shows that the strong mining stress, soft rock, and inappropriate support structure are the key factors for the partition failure of the roadway. Therefore, the roadway control strategy of ‘roof-cutting stress control + partition management + grouting reconstruction + multi-stage coordinated reinforcement’ is proposed, which forms the linkage control technology of pressure relief-roof to bottom. Simulation and on-site monitoring show that the new scheme reduces the peak stress of the roadway by more than 10.29%, reduces the stress concentration area by more than 54.25%, and reduces the amount of roof and floor and the two ribs shifting by 79.2% and 53.8%, respectively, which significantly improves the effect of the peripheral rock control, and ensures the safety and stability of the peripheral rock of the roadway in the whole process of the mining and excavation.