Aiming at the practical engineering problems of strong mining stress and difficult control of surrounding rock in 3206 island working face roadway of Wangpo Coal Industry during mining, the engineering geological analysis, overburden structure theory, field test, numerical simulation and field industrial test are comprehensively used. Based on the analysis of the movement law of the overlying rock structure of the working face, it is revealed that the core mechanism of the deformation of the surrounding rock is the coupling effect of the cantilever effect of the high hard roof and the stress transfer of the lateral goaf. Through field test, the key horizon of directional long horizontal hole hydraulic fracturing with the target of sandstone interaction layer 40 m above the section coal pillar is determined. The numerical simulation results show that after the implementation of regional fracturing, the peak stress of the coal pillar side of the roadway is significantly reduced from 38 MPa to 20 MPa ; the roof subsidence, floor heave and two-side convergence decreased by 46.7 %, 61.0 % and 49.8 % -52.1 %, respectively. The area of plastic zone of surrounding rock is reduced from 116.3 m2 to 69 m2, which is reduced by 40.7 %. The vertical average stress of the key layer decreased from 20.8 MPa to 16.9 MPa, and the stress distribution tended to be gentle. The field engineering application monitoring data verified the effectiveness of the technology : the average step distance of the periodic weighting of the working face was reduced from 17 m to 11.6 m, a decrease of 32.2 % ; the average dynamic load coefficient is reduced from 1.75 to 1.42. The average reduction of roof subsidence, floor heave and two-side convergence of roadway is 58.8 %, 47.9 % and 51.2 % respectively, and the maximum reduction of surrounding rock deformation rate is 87.36 %. The working resistance distribution of the bracket is significantly transferred to the low resistance range．The research shows that the stability of surrounding rock in the roadway of high stress island working face can be significantly improved by implementing directional hydraulic fracturing for high key strata to cut off the lateral stress transfer path.