In order to solve the problem of asymmetric large deformation control of coal and rock roadways widely distributed in Guizhou mining area, based on digital image correlation technology ( DIC ), the macroscopic mechanical response and deformation data of the whole process were collected synchronously. Through the digital image full-field strain analysis and macroscopic stress-strain response comprehensive characterization, the uniaxial compression test of unanchored coal-rock combination specimens under different coal-rock interface dip angles, height ratios and strength ratios was carried out. The results show that the evolution of DIC strain field clearly presents the whole process of time-sharing fracture of ' coal strain concentration → coal main fracture → stress transfer → rock mass lag failure '. The increase of the dip angle of the interface enhances the shear slip component of the interface, which makes the fracture mode gradually shift from coal crushing to interface slip. The coal-rock height ratio affects the timing characteristics and damage severity of time-sharing fracture by regulating the dominance of coal in the structure and the constraint effect of rock mass. The strength ratio of coal rock is the essential factor driving time-sharing fracture. The larger the difference is, the more significant the time-sharing fracture sequence is, and the more obvious the time difference is. The above research results further reveal the time-sharing fracture evolution law and formation mechanism of unanchored coal-rock combination under uniaxial compression load, and provide a theoretical basis for the control of surrounding rock of coal-rock roadway.