To study the surrounding rock stability and control technology for gob-side retention entries with paste backfilling in working faces, this research takes the CT301 backfilling working face of a mine in the Ordos Mining Area as the engineering background, and conducts analysis and research through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site industrial experiments. First, based on the equivalent mining height theory, the overlying rock movement characteristics of gob-side retention entries with paste backfilling are analyzed. A mechanical model of the roof is established under the assumption of the Winkler elastic foundation beam, clarifying that the filling ratio is a key controllable factor affecting roof deflection. Increasing the filling ratio can effectively enhance the supporting role of the backfill for the overlying rock. Second, the FLAC3D numerical simulation is used to study the deformation of surrounding rocks and the manifestation of mining pressure in gob-side retention entries with paste backfilling in working faces. The results show that a higher filling ratio leads to weaker mining pressure manifestation and better surrounding rock stability. As the working face advances and the solidification strength of the paste backfill increases, the supporting pressure in the stope gradually stabilizes. Finally, a comprehensive control technology system of "basic bolting-mesh-cable support + local collaborative strengthening support with portal hydraulic supports" is proposed. The on-site application results indicate that this technology effectively controls the deformation of surrounding rocks in the entry, with the maximum deformations of the roof-floor and two sides stabilizing at around 190mm and 140mm, respectively, demonstrating significant control effects on the surrounding rock of the retained entry.