Backfilling mining can achieve the coordinated development of green mining in coal mines and solid waste treatment. For the cemented backfilling mining process, the conveying performance of cemented backfilling slurry is a key indicator for evaluating the conveying of slurry from the surface backfilling station to the goaf. Taking the content of cement in fine materials (cement + fly ash) X1 (28%~40%), fine-aggregate materials ratio (the ratio of fine material to aggregate gangue) X2 (0.44~0.76)and mass fraction X3 (78%~82%) as the analysis factors, the response laws of the conveying performance of cemented gangue backfilling slurry under the influence of the three factors and their interactions were analyzed by using the response surface method (RSM). The results showed that the rheological parameter (yield stress and viscosity coefficient) of slurry increased with the increase of the above three factors, while the change trend of expansion and bleeding rate were contrary to the above properties. Overall, mass fraction X3 is the most significant factor influencing the performance of slurry. The response surfaces of each performance to the interaction terms (X1X2, X1X3, X2X3) were established. In the influence of the interaction terms, the increase of X1, X2 and X3 promoted the influence of another factor on the expansion and rheological parameter, while weakened the influence of another factor on bleeding rate. The expressions of the unit along-the-way resistance loss and each factor were established respectively, the unit along-the-way resistance loss also increased with the increase of the three factors.