煤炭工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 94-101.doi: 10.11799/ce202605012

• 生产技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

深部高瓦斯煤层动静耦合灾害评价与回采调控技术研究

陶广美   

  1. 山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司,山西 晋城 048000

  • 收稿日期:2025-09-04 修回日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 陶广美 E-mail:tguangmei@163.com

Dynamic and static coupling disaster evaluation and mining regulation technology of deep high-gas coal seam #br#

  • Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2025-10-30 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-27

摘要:

针对深部高瓦斯煤层开采过程中引发的动静耦合灾害防控难题,以赵庄矿700m埋深3#煤层为工程背景,开展瓦斯-应力耦合作用下矿压危险性评价技术研究。通过实验室试验、地应力测试及数值模拟相结合的方法,揭示了瓦斯吸附对煤体强度的弱化效应,构建了动静结合的矿压危险性评价体系。实验表明:012MPa瓦斯压力下煤样单轴抗压强度分别为9. 8389.254 8.338MPa,证实吸附态与游离态瓦斯共同作用导致煤体强度劣化。基于三维地应力反演及动态开挖模拟,可得出赵庄矿1311工作面初次见方(150~350m)、二次见方(415~655 m)和周期来压及末采阶段(撤架通道前方100m范围)形成了10~66.1MPa的应力集中区。 综合多因素耦合分析,构建了包含地质构造、见方效应和煤柱区域等关键指标的评价方法,将工作面划分为 4个中等和4个一般危险区。针对性提出“顶板定向压裂+聚能爆破+限速回采”综合防治方案,实施顶板水力压裂钻孔433个、聚能爆破钻孔317个、大直径卸压孔 1542个。研究成果揭示了深部瓦斯煤层矿压致灾机理,形成了“试验研究-地应力反演-动态评价-分区防控”的技术体系。

关键词:

深部高瓦斯煤层, 动静耦合灾害评价, 瓦斯-应力耦合, 顶板定向压裂

Abstract:

Abstract:Addressing the challenge of preventing dynamic-static coupling disasters during deep high-gas coal seam mining, this study investigates gas-stress coupling mechanisms to evaluate mining pressure hazards in the No. 3 coal seam at 700m depth in the Zhao Zhuang Mine. Through a combined approach of laboratory experiments, in-situ stress testing, and numerical simulation, this study reveals the weakening effect of gas adsorption on coal strength and establishes an integrated dynamic-static mine pressure hazard assessment system. Experiments demonstrated that the uniaxial compressive strengths of coal samples under gas pressures of 0 MPa, 1 MPa, and 2 MPa were 9.838 MPa, 9.254 MPa, and 8.338 MPa, respectively, confirming that the combined action of adsorbed and free gas leads to deterioration of coal strength. Field in-situ stress testing revealed the maximum horizontal principal stress direction as N36.67°W, aligning with the regional tectonic stress field orientation. This dominant horizontal stress significantly exacerbates roadway deformation risks. Based on three-dimensional in-situ stress inversion and dynamic excavation simulation, stress concentration zones ranging from 10 to 66.1 MPa were identified in the Zhao Zhuang Mine 1311 working face during the initial excavation phase (150-350 m), secondary excavation phase (415-655 m), cyclic pressure phase, and final mining phase (100 m ahead of the retreating support passage). Through comprehensive multi-factor coupling analysis, an evaluation method incorporating key indicators such as geological structures, face-out effects, and coal pillar zones was established, dividing the working face into four medium-risk and four general-risk zones. A targeted integrated prevention plan combining “roof directional fracturing + shaped charge blasting + controlled-rate mining” was proposed. This involved drilling 433 roof hydraulic fracturing holes, 317 shaped charge blasting holes, and 1,542 large-diameter pressure-relief holes. The research findings elucidated the mechanism of mining pressure-induced disasters in deep gas-bearing coal seams, establishing a technical framework encompassing “experimental research-in-situ stress inversion-dynamic evaluation-zonal prevention and control.” This achievement provides theoretical support and practical reference for preventing dynamic disasters in mines with similar conditions.

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