To comprehensively evaluate the benefits of intelligent transformation of coal mining and excavation systems, this paper constructs an index system of influencing factors of intelligent transformation benefits from three dimensions: economy, safety and environment, and determines the index weights by using the analytic hierarchy process. On this basis, a system dynamics model is established by using the basic inflow tree method, and the dimensional differences among multiple benefit indicators are eliminated through standardization processing. The model is verified with the actual transformation data of Shendong mining area, and the error rate is less than 10%. Further, the causal chain tracking and sensitivity analysis are used to identify the action paths of intelligent transformation on benefits, and the Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to quantify its impact degree. The orthogonal test method is introduced to evaluate the robustness of the system. The research results show that intelligent transformation significantly improves the comprehensive benefits of the mining and excavation system through three key paths: economy, safety and environment. Even under the fluctuations of basic failure rate, coal price and energy consumption per ton of coal, its comprehensive benefits are still better than those of the untransformed system, and the benefit growth trend becomes more significant with the deepening of the transformation degree, demonstrating good robustness.