Abstract: The development of belt conveyors in coal mines towards high belt speeds, long distances, and large volumes. Long inspection distance and high-speed belt conveyor increase the labor intensity and safety risk of inspection staff along the belt conveyor. This paper design a set of automatic trackless inspection robot suitable for the side of the belt conveyor roadway according to the layout conditions of underground coal mine transportation lanes. Inspection robot can realize autonomous walking, parking when meeting people, and automatic return through the extraction and recognition of the path features by the equipped visual recognition system. It also can realize the functions of information collection, transmission, and alarm of dangerous working conditions of infrared thermal imaging, video, audio, gas concentration, noise and other signals by the information collection system which can provide data support for the monitoring of the running status of the belt conveyor. Through the underground field test, the effectiveness of the entire system is verified, which lays the foundation for the unmanned patrol inspection of underground transportation lanes.