Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the width of narrow coal pillar and the stability of surrounding rock in gob-side entry driving with composite roof, taking the specific geological conditions of a mine as the engineering background, the stability of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving with fully mechanized top-coal caving was studied by field investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. By studying and analyzing the distribution characteristics of the stress and plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the ‘ T ’ type coal pillar in the gob-side entry driving of the traditional fully mechanized caving face under the conditions of different narrow coal pillar sizes, the study shows that the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the two sides of the gob-side entry driving of the ‘ T ’ type narrow coal pillar in the traditional fully mechanized caving face is asymmetric distribution, the failure depth of the roof composite rock is wide, and the narrow coal pillar is in an unbalanced bearing state, the width-height ratio is small, the stability of itself is poor, and the bearing capacity is poor. Based on the above problems, the staggered-layer staggered gob-side entry driving technology is proposed, and the numerical simulation research is carried out on the special-shaped coal pillars with different sizes. The results show that compared with the conventional ‘ T ’ narrow coal pillar, it has superior roadway protection effect of ‘ plugging air, preventing deformation and bearing capacity ’, which provides favorable conditions for the control technology of roadway surrounding rock.