Abstract: In purpose of ensuring the stability of the surrounding rock during deep roadway excavation and analyzing the relationship between the roadway layout direction and the distribution of deep horizontal principal ground stress in depth. This paper took Shoushan No.1 mine as the engineering background, used the theoretical calculation method to find out the optimal angle, and used the numerical simulation method to analyze the distribution of plastic zone of the model when the coal roadway layout axial and the maximum horizontal principal ground stress σH are at different angles, the change of the maximum principal stress difference and the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock. The results show that the maximum principal stress difference from the wall surface of the coal roadway to the deep surrounding rock after excavation can be roughly divided into three zones of " growth - decrease - stabilization". When the horizontal normal stress σn acting on the two sides of the coal roadway is approximately equal to the vertical principal ground stress, the horizontal ground stress has the least influence on the stability of the coal roadway layout. According to the theoretical calculation of the field data and the analysis of the simulation results, the roadway is more stable when the angle between the axial direction of the roadway and σH is about 30°.