Abstract: In order to test the life of drilling equipment, a drilling / torsional loading test system is designed, and the hydraulic system is analyzed and the structure is optimized. Firstly, according to the working conditions of the equipment, the test bench model and hydraulic principle are designed for the most important thrust and torque. Then, the sudden change of thrust and torque in the process of use are simulated by using random signals to control solenoid proportional relief valve. The performance analysis and thermodynamic analysis of the hydraulic system are carried out to verify the reliability of the system, and the heat dissipation performance of the system is ensured by adding fans. Finally, the static analysis and fatigue analysis of the system test bench are carried out, and the maximum stress and deformation of the test bench are obtained. According to the calculation results, the test bench is reasonably optimized. The analysis results show that the system can well simulate the working conditions of drilling equipment, and the improved hydraulic system and test bench can meet the design requirements.