Abstract: The study of miners' unsafe behavior is a classic problem in the field of safety management. The existing literature mostly explains the mechanism of unsafe behavior from the perspective of human factors engineering and behavioral economics, but no literature pays attention to the decision-making mechanism of miners' unsafe behavior in the state of "without careful consideration". This study constructs a dual processing mechanism explanation model of miners' unsafe behavior based on the dual system theory. The questionnaire survey method was used to mobilize miners to make threat assessment on 25 kinds of unsafe behaviors in the state of system 2, that is, thoughtful. The results showed that for all unsafe behaviors, the proportion of respondents who judged such behaviors as "frequent occurrence" was much higher than the proportion of people who made "low threat assessment", indicating that miners did use the decision-making mechanism of system 1, that is, "not thoughtful", to implement unsafe behaviors in the production process. On this basis, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of miners' behavior decision-making by using system 1. Past behavior, imitation effect, time pressure and cognitive motivation are the main influencing factors of the processing mechanism of system 1, and accordingly puts forward the control strategies for unsafe behaviors under the state of system 1.