Abstract: Absrtact: Head sheave is a key operating component in deep well hoisting system, which mainly plays the role of bearing capacity and guidance. Because the head sheave is a running wheel, considering that it is not easy to install sensors, a real-time monitoring scheme for head sheave yaw based on line structured light is proposed. In this paper, machine vision processing technology is used to irradiate the line laser on the rotating wheel. The real-time image captured by the camera is transmitted to the image module of Labview software for image processing. Then the line structured light is extracted and the yaw is measured by the matlab program embedded in Labview, and the measured data is displayed in real time to form a curve. Line diagram is saved, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring of head sheave yaw fault.