Abstract: Aiming at the separation phenomena in the anchorage layer of mining roadway, based on the research results of load transfer law, interface shear slip model and the distribution of axial force and shear stress on both sides of the anchorage layer, the load-bearing characteristics of resin bolts with different anchoring modes before and after the separation occurs at any place in the anchorage are studied. The results show that the load-bearing characteristics of the bolts are obviously uneven under the influence of the anchorage mode, the pre-tightening force of the bolts and the separation layer of the bolts. Before the separation occurs, although the peak values of interface shear stress and ultimate bearing capacity of end anchorage, lengthened anchorage and full-length anchorage are the same, the distribution patterns of interface shear stress and ultimate bearing capacity of anchor are different. When the separation occurs, not only the distribution pattern of the interface shear stress and the ultimate bearing capacity of the bolt has changed obviously, but also the peak values of the interface shear stress and the ultimate bearing capacity of the bolt are different. The bearing characteristics of full-length pre-stressed anchor bolt are better than those of end, lengthened anchor and full-length anchor bolt. It has better restraint and restraint effect on deformation and separation of surrounding rock. Full-length pre-stressed anchor bolt should be preferred in mining roadway prone to separation of surrounding rock.