Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the gob-side entry retaining under short distance goaf is affected by multiple mining and the surrounding rock of the roadway is seriously deformed, taking the engineering geological conditions of gob-side entry retaining in 1304 working face of Xiangyuan coal mine 3# seam as the background. Using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the stress distribution law of the floor strata in the goaf of the upper coal seam and the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway in the lower coal seam are studied. The surrounding rock control countermeasures of the gob-side entry retaining under short distance goaf are determined. The asymmetric coupling control technology of “roof grouting long anchor cable reinforcement + solid coal wall and roof high-strength and high preload bolt + strong single hydraulic pillar in the roadway + flexible formwork concrete wall tie rod reinforcement supplemented by single pillar protection wall” is proposed. The engineering practice results show that the developed surrounding rock control technology has a significant control effect on the surrounding rock of the gob-side entry retaining under short distance goaf, and effectively limits the crushing and subsidence of roof and the lateral extrusion deformation of narrow flexible formwork concrete.