Abstract: In order to reveal the causes of asymmetric instability and failure during the excavation of rectangular roadways in inclined coal seams, the "equivalent radius" theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and industrial experiments were carried out on the basis of the track trough of the (4-5) 06 working face of the Liuhuanggou coal mine. and other research methods, systematically analyzed the stress distribution characteristics and asymmetric failure mechanism of the surrounding rock in the inclined coal seam roadway. The research shows that: affected by the layered structure of the rock layer, the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock of the rectangular roadway of the inclined coal seam are obviously different from those of the horizontal rock layer; the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway presents an elliptical distribution characteristic, and the angle between the long axis of the ellipse and the horizontal plane is about 20°, And the long axis development range is about 25m. Under the unsupported roadway, the plastic zone of the right top corner and the left bottom corner is seriously developed. The vertical displacement of the roadway roof near the right top corner is large, about 420mm; the horizontal displacement of the bottom plate near the left bottom corner is large, about 380mm; And the deformation of the right top corner and left bottom corner of the roadway is significantly larger than that of other areas. The overall deformation of the right top corner is about 500mm, and the overall deformation of the left bottom corner is about 400mm, resulting in obvious asymmetric deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway. Based on this feature, the surrounding rock control technology of "long anchor cable (rod) supplementing the 'strong area'" is proposed, and the engineering application effect is good.