As an important equipment for fully mechanized coal mining face, the supporting scraper chain transmission system of the integrated anchor digging machine undertakes the important task of coal transportation. The tension control technology of the scraper chain drive system is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of the equipment and improve the production efficiency. In this paper, the tension control technology of the scraper chain transmission system of the anchor digging machine is studied, and an efficient and reliable tension control scheme is proposed. Firstly, the working principle and mechanical characteristics of the scraper chain transmission system were analyzed, and the key parameters and influencing factors of tension control were clarified. On this basis, combined with the actual working conditions of the anchor digging machine, a tension control strategy based on adaptive control was proposed. This strategy realizes the precise control of the tension of the scraper chain transmission system by monitoring the tension change of the scraper chain in real time, combined with the hydraulic transmission system and the system identification algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulation and experimental studies are carried out. The simulation results show that the control strategy can accurately control the tension force of the scraper chain transmission system, and effectively avoid the problem of chain relaxation or over-tensioning. The experimental results further verify the reliability and practicability of the control strategy, and provide a new solution for the tension control of the scraper chain transmission system of the anchor digging machine. The research in this paper not only provides a new idea and method for the tension control technology of the scraper chain transmission system of the anchor digging machine, but also provides strong support for improving the production efficiency and safety of the fully mechanized coal mining face.