In order to solve the problem of unbalanced energy consumption of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes in narrow and long space, this paper proposes an equidistant uneven layered deployment strategy of sensor nodes with balanced energy consumption in narrow and long space. According to the principle of radio communication, the WSN energy consumption model is established, and the narrow and long space is abstracted into linear chain network space to establish the network model. Based on the energy consumption model, the narrow and long space is divided into equidistant zones. Each zone adopts the layered network topology. For the top nodes of the narrow and long space, the unequal density deployment mode is adopted, and the side nodes are deployed in rectangular structure. Combined with the traditional LEACH protocol, a probability function is introduced to calculate the probability of each node becoming the cluster-head node. The improved routing protocol is used to cluster the nodes in each partition and select the cluster-head node. Based on this protocol, the proposed deployment mode is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with other deployment modes, the narrow-long-space deployment strategy can not only reduce the energy consumption of network nodes, but also make the life cycle of nodes in each zone basically the same. Meanwhile, the number of deployed nodes can be saved by 6% ~ 7% compared with other deployment modes. The deployment cost and energy consumption of the network are reduced, and the problem of "energy hole" is solved.