In order to study the distribution characteristics of the spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf of the shallow buried extra-thick working face, the three-dimensional "three zones" distribution law of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf based on oxygen concentration was studied by combining theoretical analysis, experimental tests and field observations with the working face 15304 of Wujiagou Coal Mine. The results shown that: the upper and lower limit oxygen concentration of coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf are 18.05% and 5.95% respectively. The oxidation zone on the horizontal is 45-158 m in the inlet side, and from 14-75 m in the return side. The oxidation zone on the vertical is distributed from 6 to 42m on the inlet side and from 4 to 37m on the return side. The oxide zone is asymmetrical in tendency, with the zone farther away from the lower corner of the face on the inlet side and closer to the corner of the face on the return side. In both horizontal and vertical directions, the width of the oxide zone on the inlet side is greater than the width on the return side. The minimum safe advancing speed of the working face is 1.64m/d. When the advancing speed of the working face is less than this speed, the fire prevention measures should be reinforced.