In order to ensure the surface-drilled large-diameter relief well safely penetrate the roadway, we studied the factors affecting the dry hole penetration on the basis of conventional mud direct circulation and multi-stage expansion drilling in the cover layer and bedrock layer of the large-diameter well. These main factors are reverse circulation annular pressure control, reverse circulation penetration when encountering strong or weak aquifers, reserved safety distance in the penetration section, and efficient cementing completion method. By analyzing the principle of dry hole drilling technology in the reserved penetration section, the reverse circulation device, the segmented slurry and slag discharge drilling, the safe roadway penetration process, determination of the penetration position, and penetration distance, we obtained a complete set of key technology system for efficient drilling of large diameter dry hole roadway penetration, which has received good practice results, and can provide technical support for the dry hole roadway penetration of surface-drilled large diameter relief well.