In addressing the challenges posed by the high cost and substantial sludge volume of conventional lime neutralization methods for acid mine water (AMD) with elevated iron content, a synergistic biological-chemical resource treatment process based on immobilized Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been developed. The application of carrier immobilization technology results in enhanced biological oxidation efficiency, with the Fe2+ oxidation rate reaching 250mg/(L·h) and an oxidation efficiency of 99% under conditions of 30°C, a gas-to-water ratio of 150:1, and a hydraulic retention time of 3.5 hours. This results in stable and highly efficient oxidation of the influent Fe2+ concentration of 797 mg/L. The step-by-step precipitation method is then adopted for the selective recovery of iron resources, with the pH level of 3.5-4.0 being regulated by NaOH. The precipitation product is analyzed by XRF, which shows that the quality of Fe2O3 accounts for 93% of the total. The residual pollutants meet the standard after secondary neutralization and precipitation. The integration of biological oxidation and step-by-step precipitation technology within this process establishes a closed-loop system for pollution control and resource recovery, thereby providing a sustainable solution for the efficient recovery and eco-friendly management of iron resources in high iron-containing AMD.