Rapid excavation is an important technical path to solve the problem of imbalanced coal mining. Huangbaici Coal Mine has constructed a rapid excavation system with self moving row support and hydraulic anchor drilling truck as the core. However, there are frequent biting accidents during the support moving process and limited construction space of the hydraulic anchor drilling truck, resulting in low excavation efficiency. Therefore, this article analyzes the key factors that restrict the improvement of tunnel excavation speed and proposes targeted optimization techniques. The results show that the self moving row support is designed as a frame type grouping and control structure, which can easily cause asynchronous movement of the two sides of the support, leading to biting accidents after the vertical beams of the support come into contact and collide; The operating range of the rear bridge type transfer machine encroaches on the construction space of the hydraulic anchor drilling truck, making it impossible to achieve mechanized anchoring operations, resulting in excavation and support still being sequential operations, and the start-up rate of the comprehensive excavation machine is only 45% to 50%. Based on this, the synchronized movement and anti biting frame sound light linkage optimization technology of the row support and the multi-dimensional excavation and support construction process optimization technology in space were proposed, realizing the parallel operation of front excavation and rear support and excavation and support, and increasing the tunnel excavation speed from 220m/month to 350m/month. The research results can provide reference for rapid excavation construction of tunnels under similar conditions.