煤炭工程 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 55-60.doi: 10.11799/ce202310010

• 施工技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

露天煤矿台阶爆破合理超深试验研究#br#

刘红岩,王文,邹宗山,张光雄   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院, 北京 100083
    2. 中建八局第一建设有限公司, 山东 济南 250100
    3. 保利民爆哈密有限公司, 新疆 哈密 839000

  • 收稿日期:2022-05-17 修回日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2025-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 刘红岩 E-mail:lhyan1204@126.com

Field test on the reasonable ultra-depth of the borehole in open mine bench blasting

  • Received:2022-05-17 Revised:2022-08-11 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2025-04-08

摘要:

针对吉郎德煤矿露天深孔台阶爆破根底率高等问题, 首先采用常用的钻孔超深计算方法得到了钻孔超深的合理范围, 并通过现场调查发现目前造成台阶根底率偏高的主要原因是炮孔超深过大导致岩石超挖严重, 由此提出将钻孔超深由目前的1 m 减小为0.8 m。而后在1380和1392平台进行了试验, 并利用GPS 对该试验平台进行高程测量及绘制高程3D图以评价根底率, 结果发现改进后的爆破方案取得了良好效果, 不但有效地降低了根底率, 而且减少了炸药用量和钻孔工作量。多次重复试验结果显示, 85%以上的平台均取得了良好的爆破效果, 但是对于高程较低的平台如1284西帮南区平台, 其爆破效果不甚理想, 这可能是由于随着平台高程的降低, 岩石完整性及强度提高, 进而炮孔底部夹制作用变大, 此时应加大钻孔超深。

关键词: 露天矿, 深孔爆破, 炮孔超深, 现场试验, 根底率

Abstract:

In view of the prominent problem of high root rate in deep hole bench blasting in Jilangde coal mine, it is considered that the method of adjusting the ultra-depth of the borehole can be adopted to solve this problem through field investigation. Therefore, the reasonable range of borehole depth is firstly obtained based on the current commonly used calculation methods and theoretical calculation of borehole depth. In view of the main reason for the high root rate is serious overbreak, it is proposed to reduce the ultra-depth of the borehole from 1m to 0.8m. Then, tests are firstly carried out on 1380 and 1392 platforms. GPS is adopted to measure the elevation of the test platform and 3D elevation map is drawn to evaluate the root rate. It is found that the improved blasting scheme achieves good effect, which not only effectively reduces the root rate, but also reduces the explosive consumption and drilling workload. Finally, many repeated tests are also carried out, which shows that 85% of these achieve good blasting effect. But for some low elevation platform, such as the southwest platform1284, its blasting effect is not very ideal. It may be assumed that the rock integrity and strength increases and then the clamping force at the bottom of the borehole strengthens with the reduction of the platform elevation, and therefore the ultra-depth of the borehole should be increased.

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