松软低透煤层水力自增压造穴技术及钻具研制

doi:10.11799/ce202511028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对松软低透煤层造穴施工效率低、钻具稳定性差等问题，提出了一种水力自增压式造穴增透技术并研制了配套钻具系统。基于活塞差动增压原理，通过多级多腔模块化设计和换向阀协同控制技术，无需依赖外部高压泵可将煤矿井下低压水（2~5MPa）自主转换为高压水（20~50MPa）；开发了双通道水力输送钻具及高压水力冲孔器，并进行了现场试验研究。结果表明：孔底自增压装置实现了低压水向高压水的自主转换，增压比达到了1∶10，无需依赖高压泵即可实现高压水力冲孔作业；双通道钻具组合实现了增压后的高压水和井下静压水的独立输送和冲孔作业，在坚固性系数0.15的松软煤层中，单孔平均每米出煤量达到1.5t，孔径扩大了5.5倍。

关键词: 松软煤层, 水力造穴, 自增压, 双通道, 钻具

Abstract:

Aiming at difficulties for coal roadway supporting in three soft coal seams of Zhengzhou mining area, occurrence characteristics and formation mechanism of three soft coal seam is explained, and the causes for supporting instability in three soft coal roadway is analyzed. The mechanism of bolt support is revealed based on the principle of composite arch beam, and it’s proposed that, coal seam bolt performance, bolt preload, mesh strength, quick installation process and immediate support are the key for three soft coal roadway supporting. On this basis, the thick coal seam bolt-mesh supporting is designed for 22011A coal face transport roadway of Chaohua Coal Mine. The result shows that maximum roof separation at shallow and deep basis points are 48 mm and 52 mm, the maximum roof-to-floor and side-to-side convergence are 372 mm and 310mm, the supporting section of roadway is maintained．

中图分类号:

TD41

田宏杰. 松软低透煤层水力自增压造穴技术及钻具研制[J]. 煤炭工程, 2025, 57(11): 226-231.

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