In response to the challenges of large deformation and control of surrounding rock in system roadways subjected to strong mining-induced stress superposition during deep multi-seam mining, this study takes the system roadways in the West Third 8-coal seam district of Pansan Mine as the engineering background. Through field investigation, mechanical testing, numerical simulation, and industrial trials, the deformation mechanism of the roadway surrounding rock was systematically investigated, and a "coordinated pressure relief and support" control technology was proposed. Research indicates that the intense superposition of stresses from the overlying goaf and the current mining operations results in a stress concentration factor of up to 2.19 and a peak stress of 37.3 MPa in the surrounding rock. Concurrently, the continuous expansion and interconnection of the plastic zones cause the width of the elastic core between roadways to drastically reduce to approximately 10 m, which is the fundamental cause of severe deformation and instability. Based on this mechanism, a control technology centered on "stress field optimization" and "structural stability control," namely "coordinated pressure relief and support," was proposed. Field application verification shows that this technology can reduce the peak stress behind the roadway by 28.24 MPa, a decrease of 40%. The deformation rate of the surrounding rock was significantly reduced from 3.85–4.01 mm/d, with the maximum deformation controlled within 80 mm, ensuring a stable service period of 4–5 months for the roadways. This provides an effective approach for solving stability control problems of roadways under similar conditions.