There are serious throttling and overflow losses in the existing valve-controlled anchor drill system, which leads to low efficiency of the whole machine. In order to solve this problem, a new type of closed pump-controlled anchor drill system is proposed around the development goals of green and intelligent mining machinery and equipment. Through the method of combining theoretical analysis and co-simulation, firstly, the energy consumption characteristics of new type bolter and valve-controlled bolter are compared and studied. Secondly, an automatic speed regulation method based on pressure feedback is designed. Finally, the fuzzy adaptive PID is designed to control the closed-loop position of the propulsion cylinder in view of the serious nonlinear and low control precision of the pump control system. The results show that, compared with the traditional valve-controlled anchor drill, the power source of the new system is significantly reduced, the overall efficiency is greatly improved, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. The rotary motor can realize automatic speed regulation according to the change of pressure, and the error is less than 1%. Compared with PID control, the positioning error of drilling rig can be reduced by more than 70% when the fuzzy PID control is used in steady state.