The coal mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province in China is characterized by shallow burial depth, simple geological structure, thick coal seams and serious coal mining collapse. In order to study the influence of the surface movement and deformation of the ultra-long working face in the aeolian sand landform in the northern Shaanxi coal mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, and to clarify the surface deformation parameters of the ultra-long working face in the aeolian sand area, a long-term and systematic study was carried out on the S12002 working face of the Ningtiaota Mine in northern Shaanxi. Surface deformation monitoring is carried out, and the surface deformation parameters are compared and analyzed with the surrounding mining areas with similar geological mining conditions. The research results show that the surface deformation of the ultra-long working face in the wind-deposited sand area of northern Shaanxi is characterized by fast subsidence response, rapid convergence of boundary subsidence, discontinuous oscillatory fluctuation of surface subsidence, and serious surface damage at the open cut off by surface movement deformation characteristics and related parameters, the maximum subsidence coefficient is 0.59, the maximum subsidence amount is 2442.4mm, the horizontal deformation is large, the maximum horizontal movement value is 832.3mm, the maximum subsidence speed is 354mm/d, the surface active period is 54d, and the subsidence period is active. The amount of subsidence accounts for 96% of the total subsidence, and this area has obvious characteristics of high-intensity mining damage; the comparison analysis between the northern Shaanxi mining area and the surrounding similar mining areas shows that the subsidence coefficient is smaller than that of the Shendong mining area, and the subsidence coefficient and the working face geological mining conditions parameters have a certain relationship. Correlation, when the base mining ratio is less than 20, it is easy to produce surface cracks. When the width to base ratio is larger, the subsidence coefficient is larger. When the overlying rock loosening ratio is larger, the subsidence coefficient is smaller. slowing effect. It enriches the research data on the surface deformation characteristics of the ultra-long working face in the western aeolian sand area, and provides a basis for the mining conditions and ground protection of similar coal mines.