The large deformation and failure of surrounding rock in gob-side entry retaining without coal pillars is an important technological challenge that restricts the safe mining of coal resources in the coal face. This article focuses on the problem of controlling the surrounding rock of roadside filling concrete in gob-side entry retaining. The uniaxial compressive strength of filling concrete under different curing ages was tested through laboratory tests, and the relationship curves between concrete strength and curing ages and its peak compressive strength were obtained. The loosening and damage range of surrounding rock at different positions of roadway was obtained through drilling and observation, based on this, it was determined that the length of anchor cable on roadway roof should not be less than 4.90 m and the length of two sides should not be less than 3.70 m. The numerical simulation results indicate the influence range of advanced mining on the coal face and the degree of disturbance of surrounding rock at different positions. The reasonable distance for advanced reinforcement support is determined to be no less than 19.08 m. Based on this, a regional asymmetric control technology scheme for filling the surrounding rock of gob-side entry retaining is proposed. The feasibility of zoning asymmetric control technology was analyzed through indicators such as rock pressure of filling body, roof separation, and rock movement, verifying the rationality of the research results. The research results have important reference value for controlling the surrounding rock of gob-side entry retaining under similar conditions.