To determine the reasonable staggered distance of the close coal seam group and reveal the evolution law of overburden fracture, taking the 02 and 2 coal seams group as the research object, the theoretical model was used to calculate the damage depth of the upper coal seam floor and the staggered distance. A numerical model was established to analyze the distribution of interlayer rock abutment stress under the conditions of 35 m, 40 m, and 45 m staggered distances, and similar simulation experiments were used to study the characteristics of overburden fracture evolution. The results show that the abutment stress of the upper coal seam is transmitted to the floor rock through the working face, and the damage depth is 5.45 m; The maximum influence range of support pressure in floor rock behind working face is close to 38 m. The interlayer rock abutment pressure experienced two peaks. When the staggered distance is 40 m, both peaks of support pressure in lower coal seam working face are small, and the reasonable staggered distance is determined to be 40 m; The initial collapse step distance and periodic collapse step distance of upper working face roof are 40 m and 15-20 m respectively, while those of lower working face main roof are significantly increased to 80 m and 20-30 m. The research results can provide reference for safe and efficient mining of close coal seam group.