Abstract: The ecological fragile environment has been severely damaged by open pit coal mining, and it is particularly important of ecological rehabilitation in the areas. In the paper, as an example of the ecological restoration area located in Heidaigou open pit coal mining in the Loess Plateau, exploring the ecologically fragile areas opencast mine ecological restoration mechanism and effect on the macro using remote sensing data analysis, statistical methods and the Microcosmic using field site selection, laboratory analysis and statistics, the results show that: 1. Due to the impact of Surface Mining, regional landscape pattern changed greatly increase the number of patches, anti-interference ability to reduce plaque see the impact of complex; 2. Artificial soil quality vegetation correlation: Pinus tabulaeformis, Salix matsudana and Hippophae rhamnoides (three)> Orchard (three)> Caragana intermdia(three）> Chinensis (three）>Pure poplar (artificial) (three）> Pine oil (four）> Pure poplar and sea buckthorn (four); 3. Landscape pattern in the area of vegetation cover increases, to a certain extent, eliminate the effects of landscape structure change on regional ecosystems; 4. Ecologically fragile areas experienced ecological damage ecological restoration phase, ecological prototype stage, is the ecological reconstruction phases. The results of this study can be constructed for mine soil habitats, vegetation community building and provide a theoretical basis for the regulation.