In the early stage of coal development, due to technical equipment issues, some mines only limited their thick coal seam mining to a portion, resulting in a waste of a large amount of high-quality coal resources. Based on the 2011 thick coal seam mining face of Yushuwan Coal Mine, this article comprehensively uses on-site measurement, UDEC numerical simulation, laboratory experiments, and theoretical analysis to study the development law of overlying rock water conducting fractures in the thick coal seam mining face of collaborative layered mining with thickness limit and filling. Numerical simulation shows that when the filling rate of the current layer filling mining reaches 70% or above, the development height of the water conducting fracture zone is 177.4 meters, and the lower layer mining has no impact on the Quaternary Salawusu Formation aquifer; The physical model cross validation test of the lower layer 70% filling mining shows that when the lower layer 70% filling mining is carried out, the development of overlying rock fractures is significantly slowed down, and the height of the development of the water conducting fracture zone is significantly reduced, only 179.7 meters. The water conducting fracture zone has not developed to the minimum waterproof protective layer, which can achieve safe and efficient mining of the ultra-thick coal seam under the Quaternary Salawusu Formation aquifer.