Accurate detection of the location of microseismic activity in the roof rock, especially the vertical location of the seismic source, is an important basis for understanding the spatial structural characteristics of the overburden rock, and is of great significance for achieving accurate prevention and control of impact ground pressure. Due to the limitation of software algorithm and the way of station arrangement at near horizontal coal seam, the vertical positioning accuracy of microseismic events measured by traditional underground microseismic monitoring system is low, which cannot meet the demand of accurate monitoring of overburden structural transport. In view of this, on the basis of the underground microseismic monitoring system, ground monitoring stations were added to form a combined up-and-downhole microseismic monitoring system, and an engineering demonstration was carried out in the 3111 area of Shilawusu coal mine. The data analysis shows that the combined microseismic monitoring system is more effective in monitoring microseismic events with energy greater than 1.0E+03J, and the monitored microseismic event elevation is on average 35.2m higher than that of the conventional underground microseismic monitoring system, and the seismic source positioning results generally fit better, indicating that adding surface monitoring stations can effectively improve the vertical positioning accuracy of seismic sources. The research results provide experience and guidance for the accurate detection of spatial structure of near-horizontal coal seam overburden.