Abstract: In order to deeply study the interaction between goaf roof and gangue backfill in short wall filling face. Based on the geological data of 3211 working face in Xinyuan mine, this paper systematically studies the displacement change law of goaf roof and the mechanical bearing characteristics of gangue under the condition of filling mining by means of theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring and numerical simulation. The conclusions are as follows: the subsidence of goaf roof can be divided into free subsidence stage, constrained subsidence stage, slow increasing stage and shock stabilization stage; With the advance of the working face, the gangue filled in the goaf shows obvious strain hardening characteristics, and the final compression modulus of the gangue is 67.6mpa; The stage characteristics of the stress-strain curve of the filling gangue are obvious. In the range where the strain value is less than 0.103, the stress value is basically maintained at 0.3MPa, and then the stress value increases exponentially; The final displacement change curve along the dip range of the working face is parabolic, with the largest central area, the smaller sub central area and the smallest edge area.