The accuracy requirements of efficient，safe and intelligent coal mining production for the top and bottom interfaces of coal seam and subsurface three-dimensional (3D) geological structures are becoming more and more high. The imaging resolution and accuracy of traditional geophysics detection methods are not able to satisfy the practical requirements. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) technology is able to construct very accurate 3D subsurface geological structures and represents the core technique for overcoming the difficulties in coal mining production. This research applies 3D elastic wave FWI to construct subsurface 3D geological structures for Shanxi Xiaobaodang NO.1 coal mine 112204 coal face. Spectral-element method and GPU technique are used to simulate the wave propagation efficiently and accurately. Multi-scale, multi objective functions and multi-wave inversion methods and technologies are developed. The well-log data is used as prior information for regularization constraints, which helps reduce inversion non-linearity and uncertainty. Finally, 3D subsurface elastic velocity structures of 112204 coal face are obtained. The top and bottom interfaces of coal seam are imaged with high-resolution (0.5 m). 3D spatial distribution of the coal seam is finely characterized and delineated. The inversion results match well with the well-logging data. Based on these results, the objective of transparent coal face is achieved.