China began to study and apply the bolt (cable) support in 1956, and the cable support has become the main support means of tunnel and underground. At present, the anchor cable anchorage is mainly end anchorage, and the unanchored part is easy to be affected by rock pressure disturbance, rock energy accumulation and fatigue damage, which will affect the strength of the anchor cable. Aiming at the problem of whether the cyclic dynamic load of the anchor cable affected the strength performance of the anchor cable, this paper uses the method of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and laboratory experiment to analyze the performance and fatigue damage characteristics of the anchor cable under different cyclic loads.The research results show that the tensile limit displacement of the anchor cable is approximately 13mm. Exceeding this value will cause irreversible damage to the structure. When the cyclic load reaches 85% of its ultimate bearing capacity and the tensile rate reaches 9%, the anchor cable enters the critical state of fatigue damage. Under a cyclic load of 450kN, the tensile breaking peak of the anchor cable is increased by approximately 11% compared to the 400kN condition, demonstrating a certain load strengthening effect. The research results on the damage caused by the cyclic loading of anchor cables have certain theoretical and engineering application value for the support of shafts and tunnels.